Namhlanje, abantu abafuna ukukhonza uThixo ngendlela ayifunayo bangakwazi ukukhangela ukuba, izinto abazikholelwayo ziyafundiswa na yiBhayibhile. Kodwa kwakungekho njalo ngeminyaka yoo-1600. Ngoba? Kuba abantu abaninzi babengenayo iBhayibhile ngolwimi lwabo. Ngoko babembalwa abantu abakwaziyo ukuthelekisa izinto ezithethwa ecaweni nezo zifundiswa yiBhayibhile. Nabefundisi beecawe babengabancedi. Incwadi ethi History of the Christian Church ithi: “Icawe yaseSwitzerland yayilahlekisa, nabefundisi bayo bengakhathali, beneenkolelo ezingeyonyani ibe beziphethe kakubi.”

 Ngelo xesha uHuldrych Zwingli waqalisa ukufuna inyaniso yeBhayibhile. Wafumana ntoni? Wakwazi njani ukuxelela abanye ngezinto azifundileyo? Ibe yintoni esinokuyifunda kuye nakwizinto awayezikholelwa?

 Xa wayeneminyaka eyi-20, uZwingli wayezimisele ukuba ngumfundisi wamaKatolika. Ngelo xesha, bonke abantu ababefuna ukuba ngabefundisi kwakufuneka bafunde ubulumko beli hlabathi, amasiko ecawe, nezinto ezibhalwe “ngooTata BeCawe,” ezingasekelwanga eBhayibhileni.

 UZwingli wayifumana njani inyaniso yeBhayibhile? Xa wayeseyunivesithi eBasel, eSwitzerland, wamamela iimfundiso zikaThomas Wyttenbach. UThomas wayegxeka into eyayifundiswa yicawe, yokuba abantu bafanele babhatale imali ukuze baxolelwe izono. a Ngokutsho kwenye ingxelo, uZwingli “wafunda [kuWyttenbach] ukuba uKristu wafela izono zethu.” (1 Petros 3:18) Xa waqonda ukuba kukufa kukaYesu okunokusenza sixolelwe izono, uZwingli zange avumelane nemfundiso yeenkokheli zecawe, eyayisithi xa abantu bekhupha imali bangaxolelwa izono. (IZenzo 8:20) Nangona kunjalo, uZwingli waqhubeka efunda waza waba ngumfundisi wamaKatolika eneminyaka eyi-22.

 Xa wayekwiminyaka yoo-20, uZwingli wazifundisa ukuthetha isiGrike ukuze aluqonde ulwimi eyayibhalwe ngalo iTestamente Entsha. Wafunda kuErasmus, wavumelana nento efundiswa yiBhayibhile yokuba uYesu unguMlamli phakathi koThixo nabantu. (1 Timoti 2:5) Loo nto yenza uZwingli wayithandabuza imfundiso yamaKatolika yokuba kungasetyenziswa iingcwele ukuze kuthethwe noThixo.

 UZwingli wazimisela ngakumbi ukukhangela inyaniso xa wayekwiminyaka yoo-30. Ngelo xesha wayengumfundisi wasemkhosini, xa iYurophu yayilwela ukuphatha i-Itali. Ngo-1515, xa kwakukho imfazwe eMarignano, wabona amaKatolika amaninzi ebulala amanye. Kwiminyaka eyalandelayo, uZwingli wabhala phantsi iZibhalo zesiGrike waza wankqaya ezininzi. Ngo-1519, wayehlala eZurich kwindawo eyayinamandla kwezepolitiki eSwitzerland. Apho wagqiba kwelokuba iCawe imele iyeke ukufundisa izinto ezingekho Zibhalweni. Kodwa wayeza kubanceda njani abanye ukuba bayikholelwe lento?

 UZwingli wayekholelwa ukuba abantu abazukuvumelana neemfundiso zecawe emva kokuba beve inyaniso yeBhayibhile. Emva kokuba ekhethiwe njengomfundisi eZurich kwicawe yaseGrossmünster, waqala ukushumayela ngendlela abantu ababengayiqhelanga: Wayengayifundi ilectionary b yesiLatin eyayisetyenziswa ngabefundisi iminyaka emininzi. Endaweni yayo, wayefundisa ngeBhayibhile isahluko ngesahluko, ayiqale ekuqaleni ayokufika ekugqibeleni. Wayengavumeli ooTata beCawe ukuba basicacise isibhalo, kodwa wayezifunda njengokuba zinjalo. Wayesebenzisa izibhalo ezilula ukuze akwazi ukucacisa ezinzima.—2 Timoti 3:16.

 Njengokuba wayeshumayela, uZwingli wachazela abantu indlela ekwakubaluleke ngayo ukusebenzisa iBhayibhile ebomini babo. Wabafundisa indlela yokuziphatha eseBhayibhileni, waza wakugxeka ukukhonzwa kukamama kaYesu, uMariya, ukuthandaza kwiingcwele, ukubhatalelwa kwezono, nokuziphatha kakubi kwabefundisi. Bathini abantu? Emva kwentshumayelo yakhe yokuqala, abanye bathi: “Zange sayiva le ntshumayelo.” Omnye umbhali wathi ngamaKatolika awayemamele uZwingli: “Abo babengazithandi indlela ezazisenzeka ngayo izinto nendlela engathandekiyo abefundisi ababeziphethe ngayo, baphinda babuyela ecaweni.”

 Ngo-1522, abefundisi benza abezepolitiki baseZurich ukuba batshutshise abantu ababengavumelani neemfundiso zecawe. Ngenxa yaloo nto, noZwingli wabekwa ityala ngokungavumelani neemfundiso zecawe. Zange avume ukunikezela kwizinto awayezikholelwa, ngoko wayeka ukuba ngumfundisi wamaKatolika.

 UZwingli wayengasenguye umfundisi, kodwa waqhubeka eshumayela ibe wayenceda abanye ukuba bakholelwe izinto azikholelwayo. Le nto yamenza wathandwa ngabantu ngenxa yokushumayela kwakhe, ibe iinkokheli zeepolitiki zaseZurich zaqalisa ukummamela. Ngenxa yamandla awayenawo kwezepolitiki, wakwazi ukutshintsha iicawe eZurich. Ngokomzekelo, ngo-1523 waxelela abasemagunyeni eZurich ukuba bangavumeli iicawe ukuba zifundise izinto ezingekho zibhalweni. Ngo-1524, wayalela abantu ukuba bayeke ukunqula izithixo. Iinkundla zaye zasebenzisana nabantu basekuhlaleni ukuze kutshatyalaliswe izibingelelo, unqulo zithixo, imifanekiso neengcwele. Incwadi ekuthiwa yiZwingli—God’s Armed Prophet ithi: “Ngaphandle kokutshatyalaliswa kweecawe ziiVikings, icawe yasentshona yayiqala ukubona kutshatyalaliswa izinto zecawe. Ngo-1525, waxelela abasemagunyeni ukuba batshintshe izakhiwo zecawe bazenze izibhedlele, baze bavumele iimonki nonongendi ukuba batshate. Waye wacebisa ukuba imithendeleko ingenziwa kodwa kwenziwe imibhiyozo esekelwe eBhayibhileni. (1 Korinte 11:23-25) Ababhali mbali bathi imizamo kaZwingli yadibanisa abantu beecawe nabezepolitiki, yalungiselela nokuba kubekho icawe entsha yamaProtestanti.

 Owona msebenzi wawubalulekile kuZwingli yayikukuguqulela iBhayibhile. Ngoo-1520, wasebenza neqela lababhali. beguqulela isiHebhere nesiGrike, kunye nesiGrike seSeptuagint neLatin Vulgate. Indlela ababesebenza ngayo yayilula. Babefunda ivesi ngaye ngolo lwimi, baze bafunde nakwiinguqulelo ezithenjiweyo. Babeye bancokole ngevesi ngaye baze babhale phantsi oko bagqibe ngako. Bacacisa baza baguqulela iLizwi likaThixo iBhayibhile, ibe loo nto yabangela ukuba babe nomqulu oyi-1 weBhayibhile yaseZurich ngo-1531.

 Kusenokwenzeka ukuba uZwingli wayenyanisekile, kodwa wayengazihloniphi izinto ezazikholelwa ngabanye ibe engenabubele. Ngokomzekelo, ngo-1525 waba nenxaxheba kwityala lama-Anabaptists, awayengavumelani neenkolelo zakhe zokuba abantwana bamele babhaptizwe. Xa iinkundla zazimgwebela ukufa umntu owayengafuni ukuba abantwana babhaptizwe, wayengasinqandi eso sohlwayo sibuhlungu. Wakhuthaza iinkokheli zepolitiki ukuba zisebenzise amandla omkhosi ukuze zinyanzelise le mfundiso. Kodwa iingingqi zamaKalotika eSwitzerland zange ziluvume olu tshintsho. Le nto yabangela ukuba kubekho imfazwe kubantu bakwelo lizwe. UZwingli wahamba namajoni ukusuka eZurich ukuya emfazweni, apho wabulawa eneminyaka eyi-47.

 UHuldrych Zwingli wenza utshintsho kwimbali, kodwa wayengadumanga njengamaProtestanti aziwayo, uMartin Luther noJohn Calvin. UZwingli wayenza yacaca into yokuba uyaphikisana neemfundiso zamaRoma angamaKatolika, ngokungafaniyo noLuther ibe loo nto yabangela ukuba abantu bazamkele iimfundiso zikaCalvin. Ngenxa yaloo nto, waziwa njengomntu wesiThathu owalwela Utshintsho.

 UZwingli wenza izinto ezintle nezimbi. Ukuze izinto azikholelwayo zenziwe ngabanye, waye wangena kwezepolitiki neemfazwe. Ngokwenza loo nto, akazange awulandela umzekelo kaYesu Kristu owayengazifuni iipolitiki, nowafundisa abafundi bakhe ukuba bazithande iintshaba zabo, bangazibulali.—Mateyu 5:43, 44; Yohane 6:14, 15.

 Kodwa, uZwingli waziwa ngokuba wayengumfundi ozimiseleyo weBhayibhile, owayezimisele ukuchazela abanye ngezinto azifundileyo waza wanceda nabanye bazifunda.