Zina la Chiuta, ilo likulembeka mu vilembo vinayi (יהוה) mu Chihebere, likusangika mu malo pafupifupi 7,000 mu Malemba Ghachihebere. Vilembo vinayi ivi, ivyo vikuchemeka Tetiragiramatoni, Baibolo ili lavilemba kuti “Yehova.” Zina ili ndilo likusangika mu malo ghanandi mu Baibolo. Nangauli awo ŵakatumika kulemba Baibolo ŵakamuzunuranga Chiuta na vithokozo vinandi, nga ni “Wankhongonozose,” “Wapachanya Nkhanira,” na “Fumu,” kweni pakulemba zina leneko la Chiuta ŵakalembanga vilembo vinayi vyakwimira zina ili.

Yehova Chiuta ndiyo wakatuma awo ŵakalembanga Baibolo kuŵikamo zina lake. Mwachiyelezgero, wakatuma ntchimi Joyeli kulemba kuti: “Waliyose uyo wakuchema pa zina la Yehova wazamuponoskeka.” (Joyeli 2:32) Chiuta wakatuma munthu munyake uyo wakalembako masalimo kulemba kuti: “Ŵanthu ŵamanye kuti imwe, mwaŵeneimwe zina linu ni Yehova, ndimwe mwekha Wapachanya Nkhanira pa charu chose chapasi.” (Salimo 83:18) Nakuti mu buku la Masalimo pera zina la Chiuta likusangika mu malo 700. Buku ili lili na mapowemu agho ŵanthu ŵa Chiuta ŵakimbanga na kughayowoya pamtima. Ipo chifukwa wuli mu Mabaibolo ghanandi zina la Chiuta mulije? Chifukwa wuli Baibolo ili likulemba mazgu ghakuti “Yehova”? Ndipo kasi zina la Chiuta, lakuti Yehova, likung’anamurachi?

Chifukwa wuli zina ili mulije mu Mabaibolo ghanandi? Pali vifukwa vyakupambanapambana. Ŵanyake ŵakuti Chiuta Wankhongonozose wakukhumbikwira kuŵa na zina lapadera yayi. Ŵanyake ŵakuŵa nga ŵali kutolera maghanoghano gha Ŵayuda ghakuleka kuzunura zina la Chiuta, panyake chifukwa cha kopa kulifipiska. Paliso ŵanyake awo ŵakuti palije munthu uyo wakumanya fikepo umo zina la Chiuta likazunulikiranga, ntheura ntchiwemi kumuzunura waka kuti “Fumu” panji “Chiuta.” Kweni fundo izi ni zambura kupulikikwa pa vifukwa vyakulondezgapo ivi:

•   Awo ŵakuti Chiuta Wankhongonozose wakukhumbikwira zina lapadera yayi, ŵakuluwa ukaboni wakuti mabuku ghakwambilira chomene gha Mazgu gha Chiuta, ghakaŵa na zina la Chiuta, nanga ni agho ghakasungika pambere Khristu wandize. Umo tawonera, Chiuta wakazomerezga kuti zina lake lilembeke mu malo 7,000 mu Mazgu ghake. Ichi chikulongolerathu kuti wakukhumba kuti ise timanyenge zina lake na kulizunura.

• Ŵang’anamuri awo ŵakuwuskamo zina la Chiuta chifukwa cha kutolera maghanoghano gha Ŵayuda ŵakuluwa fundo yakuzirwa. Nangauli ŵalembi ŵanyake Ŵachiyuda ŵakakananga kuzunura zina la Chiuta, kweni ŵakaliwuskamo yayi mu Mabaibolo agho ŵakaŵa nagho. Mipukutu yakale iyo yili kusangika ku Qumran, kufupi na Nyanja Yakufwa, yili na zina la Chiuta mu malo ghanandi. Ŵang’anamuri ŵanyake ŵa Baibolo ŵakulongora kuti zina la Chiuta likaŵamo mu mipukutu yakwambilira, chifukwa m’malo mwa kulemba zina ili ŵakulemba “FUMU” mu vilembo vikuruvikuru. Kweni fumbo ndakuti, Chifukwa wuli ŵang’anamuri aŵa ŵasinthiska panji kuwuskamo zina la Chiuta mu Baibolo apo nawo ŵakuzomerezga kuti likasangikanga mu malo ghanandi chomene mu Baibolo? Kasi ni njani wakaŵapa mazaza ghakuchitira ivi? Ivi ŵakuvimanya ndiwo.

• Awo ŵakuti zina la Chiuta lingazunulikanga yayi pakuti palije uyo wakumanya umo likazunulikiranga, ŵakuzunura zina lakuti Yesu kwambura suzgo. Kweni ŵasambiri ŵakwambilira ŵakazunuranga zina la Yesu mwakupambana na umo Ŵakhristu ŵanandi ŵakuzunulira mazuŵa ghano. Ŵakhristu awo ŵakaŵa Ŵayuda ŵakwenera kuti pakuzunura zina la Yesu ŵakatenge Ye·shuʹa‛. Ndipo lakuti “Khristu” ŵakatenge Ma·shiʹach, panji kuti “Mesiya.” Ŵakhristu awo ŵakaŵa Ŵagiriki ŵakamuzunuranga kuti I·e·sousʹ Khri·stosʹ, ndipo Ŵakhristu awo ŵakayowoyanga Chilatini ŵakatenge Ieʹsus Chriʹstus. Na wovwiri wa mzimu wa Chiuta, zina la Yesu likang’anamulika kuya mu chiyowoyero cha Chigiriki mu Baibolo, kulongora kuti Ŵakhristu ŵakwambilira ŵakasankha kulemba zina la Yesu umo ŵanthu ŵakayowoyeranga mu chiyowoyero chawo. Ndivyo komiti yakung’anamura Baibolo la Mang’anamuliro gha Charu Chiphya yalondezga pakusankha kulemba mazgu ghakuti “Yehova,” nangauli ndimo kale Ŵahebere ŵakazunuliranga yayi zina la Chiuta.

Chifukwa wuli mu Baibolo la Mang’anamuliro gha Charu Chiphya mwalembeka kuti “Yehova”? Mu Chingelezi, vilembo vinayi vya Tetiragiramatoni (יהוה) vikulembeka nthe YHWH. Tetiragiramatoni yikaŵavya mavawelo, nga umo vikaŵira na mazgu ghose gha Chihebere chakale agho ghakalembekanga. Apo Chihebere chakale chikayowoyekanga, ŵanthu ŵakaŵikangamo ŵekha mavawelo ghakwenelera.

Pakati pajumpha vilimika masauzandi kufuma apo Malemba Ghachihebere ghakamalira kulembeka, nkhwantha Zachiyuda zikapanga vilongolero panji vimanyikwiro vya kazunuliro, ivyo vikawovwiranga  ŵanthu kumanya mavawelo agho ŵangaŵikapo para ŵakuŵazga Chihebere. Kweni mu nyengo yira, Ŵayuda ŵanandi ŵakatenge ni mziro kuzunura zina la Chiuta mwakukwezga, ntheura ŵakaŵikangapo mazgu ghanyake. Ntheura vikuwoneka kuti apo ŵakakoperanga Tetiragiramatoni, ŵakatoranga mavawelo gha mazgu agho ŵakaŵikangamo na kusazga na vilembo vinayi vyakwimira zina la Chiuta. Pa chifukwa ichi, mipukutu iyo yili na mavawelo agha yingatovwira yayi kumanya umo zina la Chiuta likazunulikiranga pakwamba penecho mu Chihebere. Ŵanyake ŵakughanaghana kuti zina ili likazunulikanga kuti “Yawe,” apo ŵanyakeso ŵakuyowoyera panyake. Mu mupukutu unyake (Dead Sea Scroll) uwo uli na chigaŵa cha buku la Levitiko, mu Chigiriki zina la Chiuta lili kulembeka kuti Iao. Padera pa kalembero aka, ŵakulemba vya Chigiriki ŵakwambilira nawo ŵakusachizga kuti zina ili likazunulikanga kuti Iae, I·a·beʹ, na I·a·ou·eʹ. Kweni tingayowoya chara kuti aŵa ndiwo ŵakuneneska panji yayi. Tikumanya yayi umo ŵateŵeti ŵa Chiuta ŵakale ŵakazunuliranga zina lake mu Chihebere. (Genizesi 13:4; Ekisodo 3:15) Icho tikumanya ntchakuti Chiuta wakazunuranga zina lake kanandi waka para wakuyowoya na ŵanthu ŵake. Ŵanthu ŵake nawo ŵakamuchemanga na zina lake, ndiposo kuti ŵakalizunuranga kwambura suzgo para ŵakuyowoya na ŵanyawo.—Ekisodo 6:2; 1 Mathemba 8:23; Salimo 99:9.

Ipo chifukwa wuli mu Baibolo ili muli mazgu ghakuti “Yehova”? Chifukwa ntchakuti zina la Chiuta likamba nikale kulembeka mu nthowa iyi.

Mu Chingelezi, zina la Chiuta likamba kuwoneka mu 1530 mu mabuku gha mu Baibolo gha Genizesi m’paka Dotoronome agho William Tyndale wakang’anamura. Wakalemba kuti “Iehouah.” Nyengo yikati yajumphapo, chiyowoyero cha Chingelezi chikasintha, ndipo zina la Chiuta nalo likalembeka kuyana na umo ŵanthu ŵakazunuliranga pa nyengo iyo. Mwachiyelezgero, mu 1612, Henry Ainsworth wakalemba kuti “Iehovah” mu buku lose la Masalimo ilo wakang’anamura.  Kufuma apo, mu 1639, buku la Masalimo lira ŵakati ŵalinozgaso na kulisindikizga pamoza na mabuku gha Genizesi m’paka Dotoronome, zina ili ŵakalilemba kuti “Jehovah.” Mu 1901, awo ŵakang’anamura Baibolo la American Standard Version ŵakalembamo mazgu ghakuti “Jehovah” palipose apo pakaŵa zina la Chiuta mu Chihebere.

Pakulongosora chifukwa icho wakalembera “Jehovah” m’malo mwa “Yahweh” mu buku lake la Studies in the Psalms, mu 1911, Joseph Bryant Rotherham, wakusanda vya Baibolo wakumanyikwa, wakayowoya kuti wakakhumba kulemba ‘zina ili mu nthowa iyo ŵanthu ŵanandi awo ŵakuŵazga Baibolo ŵakuyimanya.’ Mu 1930 wakusanda vya Baibolo, A. F. Kirkpatrick nayo wakayowoya fundo yeneyiyi pakulongosora chifukwa icho wakalembera mazgu ghakuti “Jehovah.” Wakati: ‘Ŵanthu ŵanandi lero ŵakuti likwenera kulembeka kuti Yahveh panji Yahaveh; kweni ŵanandi ŵali kuzgoŵera kuti JEHOVAH, ndipo fundo yakuzirwa chomene nkhazunuliro yayi, kweni kumanya kuti ni zina lanadi, ntchithokozo waka nga ni “Fumu” yayi.’

Kasi zina lakuti Yehova likung’anamurachi? Mu Chihebere, zina lakuti Yehova likufuma ku verebu ilo likung’anamura “kuŵa,” ndipo ŵanandi awo ŵakusanda vya Baibolo ŵakughanaghana kuti verebu Lachihebere ili likulongora kuti ni munthu uyo wakuchitiska vinthu kuŵako. Ntheura komiti yakung’anamura Baibolo la Mang’anamuliro gha Charu Chiphya yikuwona kuti zina la Chiuta likung’anamura kuti “Wakuchitiska Kuti Viŵeko.” Ŵanthu ŵakusanda vya Baibolo ŵali na maghanoghano ghakupambana pa nkhani iyi, ntheura tingayowoya yayi kuti ng’anamuro ili ndilo ndeneko panji yayi. Kweni ng’anamuro ili likukolerana makora na ivyo Yehova wakuchita pakuŵa Mlengi wa vinthu vyose kweniso uyo wakufiska khumbo lake. Ndiyo wakachitiska kuti charu, ŵanthu, na vyose viŵeko. Kweniso apo vinthu vikulutilira kuchitika, nayo wakulutilira kufiska khumbo lake.

Ntheura zina lakuti Yehova likung’anamura ivyo vili kulembeka pa Ekisodo 3:14 pera yayi. Vesi ili likuti: “Niŵenge Icho Nasankha Kuŵa” panji, “Niŵenge Uyo Niŵenge.” Mazgu agha kuti ghakupeleka ng’anamuro lose la zina la Chiuta yayi. Kweni ghakuvumbura chigaŵa chichoko waka cha wunthu wa Chiuta, ghakutiphalira kuti iyo wakuŵa chilichose icho chikukhumbikwa kuti wafiske khumbo lake kuyana na umo vinthu vyaŵira. Ntheura nangauli fundo iyi yilimo mu ng’anamuro la zina la Yehova, kweni yikumalira waka pa icho wakusankha kuŵa yayi. Likung’anamuraso ivyo wakuchitira chilengiwa chake ndiposo ivyo wakuchita kuti khumbo lake lifiskike.