Dlulela kokuphakathi

Dlulela ohlwini lokuphathi

Ingabe Bewazi?

Ingabe Bewazi?

Kuyiqiniso yini ukuthi endulo umuntu wayengahlwanyela ukhula ensimini yomunye umuntu?

Le khophi yango-1468 ye-Digest eyalotshwa uMbusi uJustinian ingomunye wemibhalo eminingi enikeza imininingwane mayelana nezindaba zomthetho ezikhathini zasendulo

KUMATHEWU 13:24-26, uJesu ucashunwa ethi: “Umbuso wamazulu uye waba njengomuntu owahlwanyela imbewu enhle ensimini yakhe. Ngesikhathi abantu besalele, isitha sakhe safika sahlwanyela ukhula phakathi kukakolweni, sahamba. Lapho ikhaba lihluma futhi lithela, khona-ke kwabonakala nokhula.” Ababhali abahlukahlukene baye babuza ukuthi lo mfanekiso kufanele yini ubhekwe njengento eyayenzeka ngempela—imibhalo yomthetho yaseRoma isikisela ukuthi kufanele.

Esinye isichazamazwi seBhayibheli sithi, “Ukuhlwanyela ukhula ensimini yomuntu ngenxa yokufuna ukuziphindiselela . . . kwakuyicala ngaphansi komthetho waseRoma. Isidingo somthetho kulolu daba sibonisa ukuthi lesi senzo sasivamile ukwenzeka”. Isazi kwezomthetho u-Alastair Kerr uchaza ukuthi ngo-533 C.E., uMbusi waseRoma, uJustinian, wanyathelisa i-Digest yakhe eyayichaza kafushane umthetho waseRoma futhi ineziqeshana zamakhasi ezazivela kubahluleli, abahlulela ngesikhathi kusungulwa umthetho (cishe ngo-100-250 C.E.). Ngokwalokhu okwabhalwa (Digest, 9.2.27.14), umahluleli u-Ulpian wabhekisela ecaleni elasingathwa uCelsus, isikhulu saseRoma sangekhulu lesibili. Ukhula lwaluhlwanyelwe ensimini yomunye umuntu futhi lokho kwenza ukuba izitshalo zibune. I-Digest icabangela izisombululo ezingokomthetho umnikazi noma umuntu oqashe ipulazi ayengazithola ukuze athole isinxephezelo esivela kumuntu owonile ngalokho okumlahlekele.

Lezi zenzo ezilimazayo ezenzeka eMbusweni waseRoma ezikhathini zasendulo zibonisa ukuthi isimo uJesu asichaza sasenzeka ngempela ekuphileni.

Ngekhulu lokuqala yayingakanani inkululeko iRoma elaliyinika izikhulu ezingamaJuda ezazihlala eJudiya?

PHAKATHI nalesi sikhathi, iJudiya lalibuswa amaRoma, ayemelelwe umbusi owayenebutho aliqondisayo. Umsebenzi wakhe oyinhloko kwakuwukuqoqela iRoma izintela nokulondoloza ukuthula nokuhleleka. AmaRoma ayekuthanda ukujezisa noma ubani obangela isiyaluyalu. Ngaphandle kwalokho, amaRoma ayaneliswa ukushiyela izindaba zesifundazwe zansuku zonke ezandleni zabaholi bendawo.

ISanhedrini yamaJuda iqula icala

ISanhedrini yayisebenza njengenkantolo ephakeme yamaJuda futhi ikhipha iziqondiso mayelana nezindaba zomthetho wamaJuda. Izinkantolo ezincane zazikhona kulo lonke elaseJudiya. Izindaba zemibango namacala okwephulwa komthetho cishe kwakuqulwa ezinkantolo ezinjalo ngaphandle kokungenela kwababusi bamaRoma. Nokho, izinkantolo zamaJuda zazingenalo igunya lokubulala izaphula-mthetho—lelo ilungelo ngokuvamile amaRoma ayezigcinela lona. Ukuphela kwesenzakalo esihlukile kwakuyilapho amalungu eSanhedrini equla icala likaStefanu abe esembulala ngokumkhanda ngamatshe.—IzE. 6:8-15; 7:54-60.

Ngaleyo ndlela iSanhedrini yamaJuda yadlulela ngale komgcele obekiwe. Nokho, isazi u-Emil Schürer sithi: “Imingcele eqinile eyayibekiwe yayiphathelene nokuthi izikhulu zamaRoma zingathatha isinyathelo ngokwazo futhi ziqule icala ngaphandle kwamaJuda, njengoba zazenza lapho zisola ukuphulwa komthetho.” Isibonelo saleso simo savela ngesikhathi kwengamele umkhuzi webutho lezempi uClaudius Lysias, owabopha umphostoli uPawulu, isakhamuzi esingumRoma.​—IzE. 23:26-30.