UMariya UnguMama KaNkulunkulu Yini?

IDLALE

Impendulo yeBhayibheli

Cha, iBhayibheli alifundisi ukuthi uMariya ungumama kaNkulunkulu nokuthi amaKristu kufanele akhonze noma adumise uMariya. a Cabanga ngalokhu:

UMariya akakaze athi ungumama kaNkulunkulu. IBhayibheli alisho ukuthi wazala uNkulunkulu kodwa lithi wazala ‘iNdodana YoPhezukonke,’ noma “iNdodana kaNkulunkulu.”—Luka 1:32, 35.
UJesu Kristu akakaze athi uMariya ungumama kaNkulunkulu, noma athi kumelwe adunyiswe. Empeleni wakhuza owesifazane owayedumisa uMariya ngokuba umama kaJesu, wathi kuye: “Cha, kunalokho, bayajabula abezwa izwi likaNkulunkulu baligcine!”—Luka 11:27, 28.
Inkulumo ethi “uMama kaNkulunkulu” nethi “Theotokos” (ozala uNkulunkulu), ayikho eBhayibhelini.
EBhayibhelini inkulumo ethi “iNdlovukazi Yamazulu” ayibhekiseli kuMariya, kunalokho ibhekisela kunkulunkulukazi wamanga owayekhonzwa ama-Israyeli ayehlubukile. (Jeremiya 44:15-19) Kungenzeka ukuthi leyo “Ndlovukazi Yamazulu” yayingu-Ishtar (u-Astarte), unkulunkulukazi waseBhabhiloni.
AmaKristu okuqala awazange amkhonze uMariya noma amdumise. Esinye isazimlando sithi amaKristu okuqala “ayengeke ahambisane nalowo mkhuba, futhi kungenzeka ayesaba ukuthi ukunaka kakhulu uMariya kwakungawenza abhekwe njengakhonza onkulunkulukazi bamanga.”—In Quest of the Jewish Mary.
IBhayibheli lithi uNkulunkulu ubelokhu ekhona. (IHubo 90:1, 2; Isaya 40:28) Njengoba engenaso isiqalo, ngeke kwenzeke ukuthi unomama. Ngaphandle kwalokho, uMariya wayengeke akwazi ukuthwala uNkulunkulu esibelethweni sakhe, iBhayibheli lithi ngisho namazulu awakwazi ukumthwala.—1 AmaKhosi 8:27.

UMariya ungumama kaJesu, akayena “uMama kaNkulunkulu”

UMariya wayengumJuda, engowesizukulwane seNkosi uDavide. (Luka 3:23-31) UNkulunkulu wayemthanda ngoba wayenokholo futhi ezinikele. (Luka 1:28) UNkulunkulu wamkhetha ukuba abe umama kaJesu. (Luka 1:31, 35) UMariya nomyeni wakhe uJosefa babenazo ezinye izingane.—Marku 6:3.

Nakuba iBhayibheli libonisa ukuthi uMariya waba umfundi kaJesu, alisho okuningi ngaye.—IzEnzo 1:14.

Kungani abanye becabanga ukuthi uMariya ungumama kaNkulunkulu?

Konobufakazi obubonisa ukuthi kusukela ekupheleni kwekhulu lesine C.E., abantu base bekhonza uMariya. Ngaleso sikhathi, isonto lobuKatolika laba inkolo esemthethweni yoMbuso WamaRoma. Ngenxa yalokho, abaningi ababekade bengamkhonzi uNkulunkulu baqala ukuzibiza ngamaKristu. Isonto lobuKatolika lase liqalile nokufundisa imfundiso engasekelwe eBhayibhelini yokuthi uNkulunkulu mthathu emunye.

Leyo mfundiso yenza abaningi kulelo sonto baphetha ngokuthi uma uJesu enguNkulunkulu kusho ukuthi uMariya ungumama kaNkulunkulu. Ngonyaka ka-431 C.E., abaphathi besonto e-Efesu bamemezela ngokusemthethweni ukuthi uMariya “unguMama kaNkulunkulu.” Ukukhonza uMariya kwanda ngemva kwaleso simemezelo. Njengoba labo ababengamazi uNkulunkulu beba amalungu esonto, izithombe zeNtombi uMariya zathatha isikhundla sonkulunkulukazi benzalo ababekade bebakhonza, abafana no-Arthemisi (uDiyana wamaRoma) no-Isis.

Ngo-432 C.E., uPapa uSixtus III wayala ukuba kwakhiwe isonto eRoma elalizoba isikhumbuzo ‘sikaMama kaNkulunkulu.’ Lakhiwa eduze kwalapho okwakwakhiwe khona ithempeli lokuhlonipha uLucina, unkulunkulukazi wokuzala wamaRoma. Omunye umbhali wathi leli thempeli “liwuphawu lokuthi ukukhonza uMariya okwaqala ngemva kokuba iRoma liguqulelwe ebuKristwini, kwathatha indawo kankulunkulukazi owayebizwa ngoMama Omkhulu owayekhonzwa ngaleso sikhathi.”—Mary—The Complete Resource.

a Izinkolo eziningi zifundisa ukuthi uMariya ungumama kaNkulunkulu. Ngezinye izikhathi zimbiza ngokuthi “iNdlovukazi Yamazulu” noma ngokuthi u-Theotokos, okuyigama lesiGreki elisho ukuthi “ozala uNkulunkulu.”