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Kucheza Ndi | Rajesh Kalaria

Katswiri Woona za Ubongo Akufotokoza za Chikhulupiriro Chake

Katswiri Woona za Ubongo Akufotokoza za Chikhulupiriro Chake

PULOFESA Rajesh Kalaria wapayunivesite ya Newcastle ku England, wakhala akuphunzira zokhudza ubongo wa munthu kwa zaka zoposa 40. Poyamba ankakhulupirira kuti zamoyo zinachita kusintha kuchokera ku zinthu zina koma kenako anasintha maganizo. Olemba Galamukani! anacheza naye kuti adziwe zambiri zokhudza ntchito yake komanso zimene amakhulupirira.

Kodi poyamba munali mu chipembedzo chanji?

Makolo anga kwawo ndi ku India koma mayi anga anabadwira ku Uganda. Iwo ankatsatira kwambiri miyambo yachihindu. M’banja mwathu tilipo ana atatu ndipo ineyo ndi wachiwiri. Tinkakhala mumzinda wa Nairobi ku Kenya, moyandikana ndi anthu enanso ambiri achihindu.

Kodi n’chiyani chinakuchititsani kuti muyambe kuchita chidwi ndi sayansi?

Ndinkakonda kwambiri zinyama moti nthawi zambiri ndinkapita ndi anzanga kunkhalango n’kukagona komweko kuti tikaone zinyama zosiyanasiyana. Poyamba ndinkafuna nditadzakhala dokotala wa ziweto. Koma nditamaliza maphunziro anga kukoleji ina ku Nairobi, ndinapita kuyunivesite ya London ku England kukaphunzira zaudokotala. Kenako ndinakhala katswiri wofufuza za ubongo wa munthu.

Kodi maphunziro anu anakhudza bwanji zimene munkakhulupirira?

Zimene ndakhala ndikuphunzira zokhudza sayansi, zandithandiza kuti ndisiye kukhulupirira nthano komanso miyambo yachihindu monga kulambira zinyama ndi mafano.

N’chifukwa chiyani munayamba kukhulupirira kuti zamoyo zinasintha kuchokera ku zinthu zina?

Ndili wamng’ono anthu ambiri ankakhulupirira kuti kusintha kwa zamoyo kunayambira ku Africa ndipo ndi zimene tinkaphunzira kusukulu. Nawonso mapulofesa a m’mayunivesite ndi aphunzitsi ankakonda kunena zinthu zosonyeza kuti ngakhale asayansi odziwika bwino kwambiri, amakhulupiriranso kuti zamoyo zinachita kusintha.

Zikusonyeza kuti nthawi ina munayamba kukayikira zimene munkakhulupirira zokhudza mmene moyo unayambira. N’chifukwa chiyani?

Ndakhala ndikuphunzira zokhudza zinthu zamoyo kwa zaka zambiri. Tsiku lina mnzanga wa kusukulu anandifotokozera zimene ankaphunzira m’Baibulo ndi a Mboni za Yehova. Zinandichititsa chidwi kwambiri. Ndiye pamene a Mboni anali ndi msonkhano paholo ya pakoleji yathu, ndinasonkhana nawo. Kenako amishonale awiri anandifotokozera zimene Baibulo limaphunzitsa. Zomwe anandifotokozera zokhudza Mulungu amene analenga zinthu zonse, yemwenso ali ndi mayankho a mafunso onse omwe anthufe tingakhale nawo, zinali zomveka bwino kwambiri.

Kodi maphunziro anu a zaudokotala amatsutsana ndi zimene mumakhulupirira zoti zinthu zinachita kulengedwa?

Ayi. Pamene ndinkaphunzira zokhudza zamoyo, ndinkaona kuti zinapangidwa mochititsa chidwi kwambiri. Zimenezi zinandithandiza kudziwa kuti zinthu zapamwamba ngati zimenezi sizinangokhalapo zokha.

Taperekani chitsanzo cha zimene mukunenazo.

Ndakhala ndikuphunzira zaubongo wa munthu kuyambira m’ma 1970 koma mpaka pano sinditha kumvetsabe mmene unalengedwera. Ubongo ndi umene umathandiza kuti munthu aziganiza, azikumbukira zinthu komanso kuti ziwalo zambiri zizigwira bwino ntchito yake. Umathandizanso kuti munthu azitha kuona, kumva, kununkhiza, kuzindikira zimene zamukhudza komanso kumva kukoma kwa chakudya. Komanso umamasulira mauthenga osiyanasiyana ochokera mkati ndi kunja kwa thupi la munthu.

Ubongo wathu umagwira ntchito modabwitsa chonchi chifukwa uli ndi maselo mabiliyoni ambirimbiri. Maselo amenewa amalumikizana pogwiritsa ntchito tinthu tooneka ngati timaulusi. Selo imodzi imatha kutulutsa tinthu tooneka ngati timaulusi tokhala ndi tinthambi tambirimbiri tomwe timalumikizana ndi maselo ena. Komatu ngakhale kuti mu ubongo muli maselo ambirimbiri olumikizana modabwitsa, selo lililonse siliwombana ndi linzake. N’zochititsa chidwi kwambiri kuona mmene maselowa amalumikizirana.

Mukutanthauza chiyani pamenepa, tafotokozani?

Kulumikizana kwa maselowa kumachitika mwadongosolo kwambiri kuchokera pamene mwana wangoyamba kumene kupangidwa. Maselo amatumiza tinthu tooneka ngati timaulusi tija ku maselo ena amene amakhala chapataliko. Sikuti timaulusiti timangolumikizana ndi selo pena paliponse, koma timapita pamalo oyenerera.

Selo likamatulutsa timaulusi tatsopano, limatulutsa timadzi tomwe timalamulira kayendedwe ka timaulusito mpaka titakafika pamene pali selo loti tilumikizane nalo. Zimakhala ngati timaulusiti tikuuzidwa kuti “imani,” “pitani” kapena “tembenukani.” Popanda malangizowa, timaulusito tikhoza kusochera. Zonsezi zimatheka chifukwa cha malangizo amene analembedwa mu DNA.

Monga ndanenera kale, zimenezi zikusonyeza kuti sitingathe kumvetsa bwinobwino mmene ubongo umakulira komanso mmene umagwirira ntchito. N’zovutanso kumvetsa mmene umasungira zinthu kuti tizikumbukira, tizikhudzidwa ndi zinazake komanso tiziganiza. Kwa ine, kungoganizira mmene ubongo umagwirira ntchito, kumandithandiza kuona kuti pali winawake wanzeru kwambiri kuposa anthufe.

N’chifukwa chiyani munasankha kuti mukhale wa Mboni za Yehova?

A Mboni za Yehova anandipatsa umboni wosonyeza kuti Baibulo ndi Mawu a Mulungu. Mwachitsanzo, Baibulo si buku la sayansi koma likamafotokoza zokhudza sayansi limanena zolondola. Lilinso ndi maulosi olondola komanso mfundo zake zimathandiza anthu kuti asinthe. Ineyo ndi mmodzi wa anthu amene moyo wawo unasintha chifukwa chotsatira mfundo za m’Baibulo. Kungoyambira pamene ndinakhala wa Mboni mu 1973, ndimagwiritsa ntchito mfundo za m’Baibulo. Izi zandithandiza kuti ndikhale ndi moyo wokhutiritsa komanso wosangalala.