Lutani apo pali nkhani

Lutani apo pali mitu ya nkhani

Mabaibolo Ghachihebere gha Elias Hutter

Mabaibolo Ghachihebere gha Elias Hutter

KASI mungaŵerenga Baibolo Lachihebere? Mukwenera kuti mungafiska yayi. Panji mundaliwoneposo Baibolo Lachihebere. Ndipouli, para mungaŵazga Mabaibolo ghaŵiri Ghachihebere agho Elias Hutter wakalemba cha m’ma 1500 vingamovwirani kuti muwongenge mwaŵi wakuŵa na Baibolo.

Elias Hutter wakababika mu 1553 mu tawuni ya Görlitz, kufupi na uko sono charu cha Germany chikupakana na cha Poland kweniso cha Czech Republic. Hutter wakasambira viyowoyero vya ku Asia na Middle East nga ni Chihebere na Chiaramu pa Yunivesite ya Lutheran mu Jena. Apo wakaŵa na vyaka 24 wakasankhika kuŵa Profesa wa Chihebere ku Leipzig. Pakuti wakakhumbanga kovwira ŵanthu pa masambiro, wakambiska sukulu ku Nuremberg kuti ŵanthu ŵasambirenge Chihebere, Chigiriki, Chilatini, na Chijemani kwa vyaka vinayi. Ivi vikaŵa kuti vingachitika yayi ku masukulu ghanyake panji yunivesite.

“UWEMI WA BAIBOLO ILI”

Mutu wa Baibolo la Hutter Lachihebere mu 1587

Mu 1587, Hutter wakapanga Baibolo Lachihebere ilo likuchemeka kuti Phangano Lakale. Baibolo ili likachemekanga kuti “Nthowa Yakupatulika,” (Derekh ha-Kodesh) ndipo mutu uwu uli kufuma pa Yesaya 35:8. Baibolo ili likalembeka makora chomene ndipo likaŵa lakutowa nakuti “waliyose wakalilumbanga chomene.” Kweni chakuzirwa chomene ni umo Baibolo ili likawovwilira ŵanthu kusambira Chihebere.

Tingapulikiska kuzirwa kwa Baibolo la Hutter para tingamanya umo ŵanthu ŵakasuzgikiranga kuŵazga Baibolo la Chihebere. Chakwamba, Baibolo la Chihebere lili na alufabeti yachilendo iyo pakuŵazga ŵakwambira kumalyero kuluta kumazere, ndipo chachiŵiri, ntchakusuzga kumanya makora mazgu. Mwachiyelezgero, wonani mazgu gha Chihebere agha נפשׁ, agho ghali kung’anamulika kuti ne’phesh, kung’anamulika “umoyo.” Pa Ezekiyeli 18:4, mu Chihebere pakwamba na mazgu ghakuti ה (ha) agho pa Chingelezi ni “the.” Ntheura ghakupanga mazgu Ghachihebere ghakuti הנפשׁ (han·ne’phesh) panji kuti “umoyo.” Kwa munthu uyo wakuchimanya makora yayi Chihebere, wangawona nga kuti, הנפשׁ (han·ne’phesh) ghakupambana na mazgu ghakuti נפשׁ (ne’phesh).

Hutter wakapulinta Baibolo lake mwapadera chomene kuti wovwire ŵanthu kuŵazga mwambura kusuzgikira. Iyo wakalemba makora mazgu agho ghangawovwira munthu kumanya fundo na ng’anamuro lake. Ivi vikawovwira awo ŵakasambiranga Chihebere kuchimanya mwambura kusuzga. Ndimoso viliri mu Baibolo la New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures—With References pa nkhani ya mazgu ghamusi. * Mazgu agho ghang’anamulika waka umo ghaliri ngafipa chomene. Ivi vikulongora kuti umo Baibolo la Hutter likalembekera pa Ezekiyeli 18:4 vikuyana waka na umo vesi ili lili kulembekera mu New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures—With References.

BAIBOLO LACHIHEBERE LA “PHANGANO LIPHYA”

Hutter wakapulintaso Baibolo la Phangano Liphya, ilo muli viyowoyero 12. Baibolo ili likasindikizgika ku Nuremberg mu 1599, lekani likumanyikwa na zina lakuti Nuremberg Polyglot. Hutter wakakhumbangaso kuti Malemba Ghachigiriki nagho ghaŵeso mu Chihebere. Kweni wakamanyanga kuti “nanga wangalipira ndalama zinandi kuti Baibolo ili ling’anamulike, ŵanthu ŵakatenge ŵakwaniskenge yayi. * Ntheura wakang’anamura waka yekha kufuma mu Chigiriki kuya mu Chihebere. Iyo wakamalizga kung’anamura Baibolo ili kwa chaka chimoza nangauli pakaŵa masuzgo ghanandi!

Chifukwa wuli Baibolo la Phangano Liphya la Malemba Ghachigiriki la Hutter ndiwemi chomene? Munthu munyake zina lake Franz Delitzsch, wakati: “Baibolo la Hutter lili kulembeka mu chiyowoyero icho chikusangika viŵi yayi pakati pa Ŵakhristu ndipo ŵanandi ŵachali kuligwiliskira ntchito chifukwa lili kulembeka makora.”

UMO BAIBOLO ILI LAWOVWILIRA

Hutter wakasambazga yayi wati waguliska Mabaibolo ghake, panji chifukwa ghakagulikanga viŵi yayi. Ndipouli, Baibolo lake lawovwira chomene mu vinandi. Mwachiyelezgero, Baibolo lake la Phangano Liphya likanozgekaso na kusindikizgika mu 1661 na William Robertson, ndipo mu 1798 likasindikizgikaso na Richard Caddick. Hutter wakang’anamuranga kufuma ku Chigiriki chakale, ndipo wakawoneseska kuti apo pali mazina gha udindo nga ni Fumu (Kyʹri·os) na Chiuta (The·osʹ) palembeke “Yehova” (יהוה, JHVH.) wakachitanga ivi para wawona kuti vesi ilo lafuma mu Malemba Ghachigiriki apo pali Yehova. Iyi ni nkhani yakukondweska chomene chifukwa Mabaibolo gha Phangano Liphya ghakuzunura yayi zina la Chiuta. Kweni Hutter wakaŵikapo mtima kuti wawezgerepo zina la Chiuta mu malo ghake mu Malemba gha Chigiriki.

Para mwawona zina la Chiuta, ilo ni Yehova mu Malemba Ghachigiriki, panji mu mazgu ghamusi mu Baibolo la New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures—With References, mukumbukenge ntchito yakuzirwa chomene iyo Elias Hutter wakagwira pakung’anamura Baibolo lake.

^ ndime 7 Wonani mazgu ghamusi ghachiŵiri pa Ezekiyeli 18:4 na Vyakusazgirapo 3B mu Reference Bible.

^ ndime 9 Ŵakaswiri ŵanyake, ŵakayezga kung’anamura Mabaibolo gha Phangano Liphya. Yumoza wa ŵanthu aŵa wakaŵa wasembe Simon Atoumanos, mu 1360. Mu 1565, Oswald Schreckenfuchs wa ku German, nayo wakang’anamura Baibolo lake. Mabaibolo agha ghakasindikizgika yayi ndipo pasono ghakuwonekaso yayi.