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Sena Mulizyi?

Sena Mulizyi?

Ino mbuti mwaapostolo Paulo mbwaakagwasyigwa akaambo kakuba sicisi muna Roma?

Paulo wakaamba kuti: “mulandu ooyu ndilomba kuutola kuli kaisara!”

Busicisi bwamu Roma bwakali kuzumizya muntu kuba azyoolwe alimwi alwaanguluko lwakucita zintu zimwi kufwumbwa nkwaaunka mucooko nciconya eeco. Sicisi muna Roma wakali kweendelezyegwa amulawo wamu Roma, kutali milawo yamuzyooko. Ikuti naa wapegwa mulandu, wakali kuzumina kubetekwa kweelana amulawo wamucisi, nokuba boobo wakalijisi nguzu zyakwaamba mbwalimvwa kuli basinkuta bamu Roma. Ikuti naa mulandu uyanda cisubulo cakujaigwa, wakalijisi nguzu zyakutola makani aayo kumwami.

Sitwaambo twacisi muna Roma, Cicero wamumwaanda wamyaka wakusaanguna B.C.E., wakaamba boobu kujatikizya nguzu nzyaakajisi muntu naakati: “Kwaanga sicisi muna Roma mulandu; kumupenzya nkubisya; kumujaya cili mbuli kujaya muzyali wako naa munamukwasyi.”

Mwaapostolo Paulo wakakambauka mucooko coonse ca Roma. Wakalubelesya lwaanguluko ndwaakajisi lwakuba sicisi muna Roma. Wakacita oobo kwaziindi zyotatwe zilembedwe: (1) Wakaambila beendelezi batwaambo twabuleya bana Filipi kuti bakautyola mulawo walwaanguluko ndwaakajisi kwiinda mukumuuma. (2) Wakabuyubununa busicisi bwakwe kutegwa atapenzyegwi mu Jerusalemu. (3) Mulandu wakwe wakautola kuli Kaisara, imweendelezi wabana Roma, kutegwa akaumvwe mulandu ooyo cacigaminina kuzwa kulinguwe.—Milimo 16:37-39; 22:25-28; 25:10-12.

Ino beembezi bakali kuvwozyegwa buti mumazuba aansiku?

Ibbwe lilembedwe cizuminano cakuula mbelele ampongo, kuma 2050 B.C.E.

Sikale Jakobo wakeembela butanga bwabaaisyanyina ba Labani kwamyaka iili 20. Jakobo wakabeleka myaka iili 14 kutegwa apegwe bana basimbi bobilo ba Labani, mpoonya wakabeleka alimwi myaka iili 6, eelyo wakavwozyegwa mbelele ampongo. (Matalikilo 30:25-33) Magazini iitegwa Biblical Archaeology Review yaamba kuti: “Zizuminano zyabweembezi mbuli zeezyo izyakali akati ka Labani alimwi a Jakobo, zyakalizyibidwe kapati abalembi bansiku alimwi abaabo ibakali kubala malembe aamu Bbaibbele.”

Zintu zyansiku nzyobakavwukkula ku Nuzi, mu Larsa alimwi amumasena aambi mu Iraq yamazuba aano zilatondezya zizuminano zili boobo. Cizuminano icakazyibidwe kapati cakali kutalika ciindi cakugela boya camwaka ooyo kusikila mwaka uutobela aciindi nciconya. Beembezi bakali kuzumina mukuli wakulanganya mweelwe uugaminide wabanyama kweelana aciimo akuti naa zyeenze azizyazi zili zyongaye. Kwainda mwaka omwe, mukamwini wakali kutambula kweelana acipangano, nkokuti boya, zintu zipangwa kuzwa kumukupa, bana bampongo abambelele, alimwi azintu zimwi. Kufwumbwa izyakali kwiindilila alizeezyo mweembezi nzyaakeelede kupa, mweembezi wakali kuzibweza.

Kuvwula kwabutanga kwakayeeme amweelwe wampwizi izyakali kupegwa kumweembezi. Bunji bwaziindi, mpwizi zili 100 zyakeelede kuzyala bana bambelele ibali 80. Mweembezi wakali kubbadela ikuti naa mweelwe wabanyama aaba waceya. Aboobo wakajisi mulimo mupati wakubalanganya kabotu banyama mbaakapedwe.